When simulating soft robots, both their morphology and their controllers play important roles in task performance. This paper introduces a new method to co-evolve these two components in the same process. We do that by using the hyperNEAT algorithm to generate two separate neural networks in one pass, one responsible for the design of the robot body structure and the other for the control of the robot. The key difference between our method and most existing approaches is that it does not treat the development of the morphology and the controller as separate processes. Similar to nature, our method derives both the "brain" and the "body" of an agent from a single genome and develops them together. While our approach is more realistic and doesn't require an arbitrary separation of processes during evolution, it also makes the problem more complex because the search space for this single genome becomes larger and any mutation to the genome affects "brain" and the "body" at the same time. Additionally, we present a new speciation function that takes into consideration both the genotypic distance, as is the standard for NEAT, and the similarity between robot bodies. By using this function, agents with very different bodies are more likely to be in different species, this allows robots with different morphologies to have more specialized controllers since they won't crossover with other robots that are too different from them. We evaluate the presented methods on four tasks and observe that even if the search space was larger, having a single genome makes the evolution process converge faster when compared to having separated genomes for body and control. The agents in our population also show morphologies with a high degree of regularity and controllers capable of coordinating the voxels to produce the necessary movements.
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我们将知识驱动的程序合成(KDP)作为程序综合任务的变体进行了介绍,该任务需要代理来解决一系列程序合成问题。在KDP中,代理应使用早期问题中的知识来解决后期问题。我们提出了一种基于PushGP的新方法来解决KDPS问题,该问题将子程序作为知识。所提出的方法通过偶数分区(EP)方法从先前解决的问题的解中提取子程序,并使用这些子程序使用自适应替换突变(ARM)来解决即将到来的编程任务。我们称此方法PushGP+EP+ARM。使用PushGP+EP+ARM,在知识提取和利用过程中不需要人类的努力。我们将提出的方法与PushGP进行比较,以及使用人手动提取的子程序的方法。与PushGP相比,我们的PushGP+EP+ARM可以实现更好的火车错误,成功计数和更快的收敛速度。此外,当连续解决六个程序合成问题的序列时,我们证明了PushGP+EP+组的优势。
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多目标算法的性能随问题而变化,因此很难开发新算法或将现有的算法应用于新问题。为了简化新的多目标算法的开发和应用,对组件零件的自动设计产生了越来越多的兴趣。这些自动设计的元启发式学可以胜过其人类开发的对应物。但是,仍然不确定什么是导致其性能提高的最有影响力的组成部分。这项研究介绍了一种新方法,以研究自动设计算法的最终配置的影响。我们将此方法应用于基于IRACE软件包设计的分解(MOEA/D)的表现良好的多物镜进化算法,该算法是在9个受约束问题上设计的。然后,我们将算法组件的搜索轨迹网络(STN),人群的多样性和HyperVolume的影响对比。我们的结果表明,最有影响力的组件是重新启动和更新策略,性能和更明显的度量值的增长更高。同样,它们的相对影响取决于问题的难度:在MOEA/D表现更好的问题中,不使用重新启动策略更具影响力;尽管更新策略在MOEA/D执行最差的问题中更具影响力。
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了解多目标进化算法(MOEAS)的搜索动力学仍然是一个开放的问题。本文扩展了最新的基于网络的工具,即搜索轨迹网络(STNS),以模拟MOEAS的行为。我们的方法使用分解的想法,其中多物原理问题转化为几个单目标问题。我们证明,使用10个连续的基准问题和3个目标,可以使用STN来模拟和区分两种流行的多目标算法MOEA/D和NSGA-II的搜索行为。我们的发现表明,我们可以使用STN进行算法分析来提高对MOEAS的理解。
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通过维护大人物和更新每一代的少量解决方案,资源分配方法(RA)提高了MoA / D的性能。然而,关于RA的大多数研究通常集中在不同资源分配指标的性质上。因此,它仍然不确定主要因素,导致MOEA / D的性能增量。本研究调查了MOEA / D在广泛的MOP中的部分更新策略的影响,以产生MOEA / D与部分更新和MOEA / D具有小于人口尺寸和大群大小的洞察的见解。考虑到他们最终近似帕累托集,随时超大绩效,达到地区和独特非主导解决方案的地区的深入分析,对人口动态行为进行了深入的分析。我们的结果表明,具有部分更新的MOEA / D与MOEA / D具有小于人口大小的MOEA / D的搜索进行了进展,并探讨了人口大小的MOEA / D.具有部分更新的MoA / D可以减轻与人口大小选择相关的常见问题,并在大多数爆模中具有更好的收敛速度,如HyperVotume和唯一非主导解决方案的数量结果所示,随时性能和经验验证功能表示。
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Machine learning models are typically evaluated by computing similarity with reference annotations and trained by maximizing similarity with such. Especially in the bio-medical domain, annotations are subjective and suffer from low inter- and intra-rater reliability. Since annotations only reflect the annotation entity's interpretation of the real world, this can lead to sub-optimal predictions even though the model achieves high similarity scores. Here, the theoretical concept of Peak Ground Truth (PGT) is introduced. PGT marks the point beyond which an increase in similarity with the reference annotation stops translating to better Real World Model Performance (RWMP). Additionally, a quantitative technique to approximate PGT by computing inter- and intra-rater reliability is proposed. Finally, three categories of PGT-aware strategies to evaluate and improve model performance are reviewed.
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Mapping with uncertainty representation is required in many research domains, such as localization and sensor fusion. Although there are many uncertainty explorations in pose estimation of an ego-robot with map information, the quality of the reference maps is often neglected. To avoid the potential problems caused by the errors of maps and a lack of the uncertainty quantification, an adequate uncertainty measure for the maps is required. In this paper, uncertain building models with abstract map surface using Gaussian Process (GP) is proposed to measure the map uncertainty in a probabilistic way. To reduce the redundant computation for simple planar objects, extracted facets from a Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM) are combined with the implicit GP map while local GP-block techniques are used as well. The proposed method is evaluated on LiDAR point clouds of city buildings collected by a mobile mapping system. Compared to the performances of other methods such like Octomap, Gaussian Process Occupancy Map (GPOM) and Bayersian Generalized Kernel Inference (BGKOctomap), our method has achieved higher Precision-Recall AUC for evaluated buildings.
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在农业中,大多数视觉系统执行静止图像分类。然而,最近的工作强调了空间和时间提示作为改善分类绩效的丰富信息来源的潜力。在本文中,我们提出了新的方法,以明确捕获空间和时间信息,以改善深卷积神经网络的分类。我们利用可用的RGB-D图像和机器人探光仪来执行框架间特征图空间注册。然后将这些信息融合在经常学习的模型中,以提高其准确性和鲁棒性。我们证明,这可以大大提高分类性能,而我们的最佳性能时空模型(ST-ATTE)可实现4.7的相互作用(IOU [%])的绝对性能改进,用于水果,为2.6。 (甜胡椒)分割。此外,我们表明这些方法对可变的帧速率和探测器误差是可靠的,这些方法在现实世界应用中经常观察到。
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磁共振成像(MRI)是中风成像的中心方式。它被用来接受患者的治疗决定,例如选择患者进行静脉溶栓或血管内治疗。随后在住院期间使用MRI来通过可视化梗塞核心大小和位置来预测结果。此外,它可以用来表征中风病因,例如(心脏) - 栓塞和非胚胎中风之间的区分。基于计算机的自动医疗图像处理越来越多地进入临床常规。缺血性中风病变分割(ISLE)挑战的先前迭代有助于生成鉴定急性和急性缺血性中风病变分割的基准方法。在这里,我们介绍了一个专家注册的多中心MRI数据集,以分割急性到亚急性中风病变。该数据集包括400个多供应商MRI案例,中风病变大小,数量和位置的可变性很高。它分为n = 250的训练数据集和n = 150的测试数据集。所有培训数据将公开可用。测试数据集将仅用于模型验证,并且不会向公众发布。该数据集是Isles 2022挑战的基础,目的是找到算法方法,以实现缺血性中风的稳健和准确分割算法的开发和基准测试。
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人类评分是分割质量的抽象表示。为了近似于稀缺专家数据的人类质量评级,我们训练替代质量估计模型。我们根据Brats注释方案评估复杂的多级分割问题,特别是神经胶质瘤分割。培训数据以15位专家神经放射科学家的质量评级为特征,范围从1到6星,用于各种计算机生成和手动3D注释。即使网络在2D图像上运行并使用稀缺的训练数据,我们也可以在与人类内部内可靠性相当的错误范围内近似分段质量。细分质量预测具有广泛的应用。虽然对分割质量的理解对于成功分割质量算法的成功临床翻译至关重要,但它可以在培训新的分割模型中发挥至关重要的作用。由于推断时间分裂,可以直接在损失函数中或在联合学习设置中作为完全自动的数据集策划机制。
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